冰醋酸，也就是无水乙酸。它是一种羧酸物，属于弱酸类，由烃基和羧基相连，其分子表达式为C2H4O2。但由于冰醋酸中的醋酸含量高,一般都在95%以上,其挥发酸所占比重大,故表现出较强的挥发性。冰醋酸是重要的化工原料,广泛应用于医药、有机化工、有机合成、合成纤维、高分子化工、农药、制革、橡胶等行业。冰醋酸是有机酸中重要的一种,在有机合成方面主要用于合成一氯乙酸,乙酸乙烯,氨基酸等.冰醋酸作为精细化工产品.在医药工业,食品工业等行业亦有着广阔的市场.冰醋酸作为化学试剂也是常用的品种之一。
Glacial acetic acid, that is, anhydrous acetic acid. It is a carboxylic acid, belonging to weak acids, connected by hydrocarbon and carboxyl groups, and its molecular expression is c2h4o2. However, due to the high content of acetic acid in glacial acetic acid, generally above 95%, its volatile acid accounts for a large proportion, so it shows strong volatility. Glacial acetic acid is an important chemical raw material, which is widely used in pharmaceutical, organic chemical, organic synthesis, synthetic fiber, polymer chemical, pesticide, leather, rubber and other industries. Glacial acetic acid is an important kind of organic acid. It is mainly used in organic synthesis to Synthesize Monochloroacetic Acid, vinyl acetate, amino acid, etc. glacial acetic acid, as a fine chemical product, also has a broad market in pharmaceutical industry, food industry and other industries. Glacial acetic acid, as a chemical reagent, is also one of the commonly used varieties.
理化性质
Physical and chemical properties
1.物理性质。冰醋酸是一种无色透明的液体，它属于饱和一元酸，它的主要成分中是水，并且含有一定的乙醛、乙酸酐、甲酸等，在其中也含有一些其它的氧化物。其沸点在118℃，而熔点是16.6℃，并且其每一百克的溶解度为8。具体来讲，其物理性质主要表现在下面的几个方面:
1. Physical properties. Glacial acetic acid is a colorless and transparent liquid, which belongs to saturated monobasic acid. Its main component is water, and contains certain acetaldehyde, acetic anhydride, formic acid, etc., and also contains some other oxides. Its boiling point is 118. D egree. C. and its melting point is 16.6. D egree. C., and its solubility per 100 grams is 8. Specifically, its physical properties are mainly shown in the following aspects:
(1)相对分子质量。冰醋酸有着自己的化学式，冰醋酸的分子量大概是60.05。拥有着这样的分子质量的冰醋酸，通过很多的实验证明其成品是一种处于动态平衡状态下的液体。而影响冰醋酸的物理性质的也就是两个平衡。这两个平衡分别是醋酸和二聚醋酸的动态平衡以及醋酸和醋酐的动态平衡。
(1) Relative molecular mass. Glacial acetic acid has its own chemical formula, and the molecular weight of glacial acetic acid is about 60.05. Glacial acetic acid with such molecular mass has been proved to be a liquid in dynamic equilibrium through many experiments. The physical properties of glacial acetic acid are affected by two equilibria. These two equilibria are the dynamic equilibrium of acetic acid and dimeric acetic acid and the dynamic equilibrium of acetic acid and acetic anhydride respectively.
(2)凝固点。一般来讲，液体变为晶体的过程就是凝固，而凝固点则是指一个温度，这个温度所在液体会变成固体，当然凝固点因各种液体的性质而有所不同。在冰醋酸中，由于冰醋酸是一种水混合物，其凝固点与水有着密切的关系。往往在冰醋酸中加入一些水，就可以降低其凝固点。普遍来讲，如果冰醋酸的水混合物并没有参杂别的东西，那么冰醋酸的凝固点是16℃。
(2) Freezing point. Generally speaking, the process of liquid changing into crystal is solidification, and the freezing point refers to a temperature at which the liquid will become solid. Of course, the freezing point is different due to the properties of various liquids. In glacial acetic acid, because glacial acetic acid is a mixture of water, its freezing point is closely related to water. The freezing point of glacial acetic acid can be lowered by adding some water. Generally speaking, if the water mixture of glacial acetic acid is not mixed with anything else, the freezing point of glacial acetic acid is 16 ℃.
(3)饱和蒸汽压和沸点。饱和蒸汽压是液体或者固体在一定的温度下，处于平衡的状态的蒸汽所具有的压力。而在冰醋酸的饱和蒸汽压，发生在温度为20℃，并且其蒸汽压为1．5KPa。
(3) Saturated vapor pressure and boiling point. The saturated vapor pressure is the pressure of the vapor in the equilibrium state of the liquid or solid at a certain temperature. While the saturated vapor pressure of glacial acetic acid occurs at a temperature of 20. D egree. C. and its vapor pressure is 1.5 kPa.
(4)密度与溶解性。对于任何的一个物质的物理性质的讲述都离不开对其密度的讲述，对冰醋酸也是一样。一般来讲，在正常的状态下，冰醋酸的密度应该为1049.55kg?cm-3。当然它的密度并不是一成不变的，而是会随着温度、质量分数的不同，也相应的发生一些变化。
(4) Density and solubility. The description of the physical properties of any substance can not be separated from the description of its density, and the same is true for glacial acetic acid. Generally speaking, under normal conditions, the density of glacial acetic acid should be 1049.55kg? cm-3。 Of course, its density is not constant, but will change with the temperature and mass fraction.
而对于冰醋酸的溶解性则在常温下，它可以溶于水以及一些邮寄溶液。例如，乙醇、乙醚、四氯化碳及甘油等。
As for the solubility of glacial acetic acid, it can be dissolved in water and some mailing solutions under normal temperature. For example, ethanol, ether, carbon tetrachloride and glycerol.
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