顺丁烯二酸分子内失去一分子水而形成的环酸酐，分子式C4H2O3。顺丁烯二酸酐为无色结晶;熔点60℃，沸点197～199℃，密度 1.314克／厘米3(60℃)；易溶于乙醇、醚、丙酮、氯仿、1，4－二氧六环等有机溶剂中。
Cyclic anhydride formed by the loss of a molecule of water in the maleic acid molecule, molecular formula C4H2O3. Maleic anhydride is colorless crystal; Melting point 60 ℃, boiling point 197~199 ℃, density 1.314 g/cm3 (60 ℃); It is soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, 1,4-dioxane and other organic solvents.
顺丁烯二酸酐的碳 -碳双键与两个羰基相连，是缺电性烯烃。它能与醇、胺、金属有机试剂发生亲核加成。在适当反应条件下，也可发生一般烯烃的亲电加成反应。顺丁烯二酸酐是重要的亲双烯试剂，它能与共轭双烯发生狄尔斯-阿尔德反应，形成环己烯衍生物。若进一步与烯烃共聚合，即可合成多种树脂。顺丁烯二酸酐在高温下与水反应，生成外消旋（见外消旋体）苹果酸。
The carbon-carbon double bond of maleic anhydride is connected with two carbonyl groups, which is an electrically deficient olefin. It can undergo nucleophilic addition with alcohol, amine and organometallic reagent. Under appropriate reaction conditions, the electrophilic addition reaction of general olefins can also take place. Maleic anhydride is an important dienophilic reagent. It can react with conjugated dienes to form cyclohexene derivatives. A variety of resins can be synthesized by further copolymerization with olefins. Maleic anhydride reacts with water at high temperature to form racemic (see racemic) malic acid.
顺丁烯二酸酐的工业方法是在五氧化二钒催化下用空气氧化苯。甲苯、二甲苯或环烷烃也可用作该法的原料。
The industrial production method of maleic anhydride is to oxidize benzene with air under the catalysis of vanadium pentoxide. Toluene, xylene or naphthenic hydrocarbon can also be used as raw materials for this process.
顺丁烯二酸酐的主要用途是与乙二醇缩聚（见缩合聚合），制造不饱和聚酯树脂，广泛用于制造烘漆、清漆和油墨等。若将不饱和聚酯树脂再与苯乙烯或甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚，生成的树脂可模塑成型或制成玻璃纤维增强塑料。顺丁烯二酸酐也是制造反丁烯二酸、丁二酸、酒石酸的原料。顺丁烯二酸酐与亚硫酸氢钠加成生成的磺基丁二酸可制造润湿剂。顺丁烯二酸酐还可用于制造农药、医药、染料、石油添加剂和润滑剂等。
The main use of maleic anhydride is to polycondensate with ethylene glycol (see condensation polymerization) to produce unsaturated polyester resin, which is widely used in the manufacture of baking varnish, varnish and ink. If unsaturated polyester resin is copolymerized with styrene or methyl methacrylate, the resulting resin can be molded or made into glass fiber reinforced plastics. Maleic anhydride is also the raw material for manufacturing fumaric acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid. The sulfosuccinic acid formed by the addition of maleic anhydride and sodium bisulfite can be used as a wetting agent. Maleic anhydride can also be used to manufacture pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes, petroleum additives and lubricants.
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