一是流化床反应器的催化剂与气体接触面积大，传热速率快，易于热量的移出，原料混合气的配比不受爆炸极限的影响，由于其进料浓度大大高于固定床反应器，对能力相同的顺酐装置来讲，空气送风系统一次投资及操作费用也比固定床工艺低。

One reason is that the catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor has a large contact area with gas, fast heat transfer rate, and is easy to remove heat. The ratio of raw material mixture is not affected by the explosion limit. Due to its feed concentration being much higher than that of the fixed bed reactor, the investment and operating costs of the air supply system are also lower than those of the fixed bed process for maleic anhydride units with the same production capacity.

二是固定床反应器多为列管式结构，传热面积大，有利于强放热反应，关键是反应器载热体熔盐的温度控制。设计技术成熟，反应器国产化技术已经达到了国际水平。固定床反应器的特点是设备结构相对简单，安装容易，且催化剂性能稳定，顺酐收率高。原料正丁烷与空气按一定比例充分混合后进入反应器（列管式）内发生反应，正丁烷与空气的混合比例通常为1.8～2.0mol%。反应器热点温度通常在440～470℃。反应热由熔盐冷却器和气体冷却器移出，产生蒸汽供装置使用。

Secondly, fixed bed reactors are mostly tubular structures with large heat transfer areas, which are conducive to strong exothermic reactions. The key is to control the temperature of the reactor's heat carrier molten salt. The design technology is mature, and the localization technology of the reactor has reached the international advanced level. The characteristics of a fixed bed reactor are relatively simple equipment structure, easy installation, stable catalyst performance, and high yield of maleic anhydride. The raw material n-butane is thoroughly mixed with air in a certain proportion before entering the reactor (tubular) for reaction. The mixing ratio of n-butane and air is usually 1.8-2.0 mol%. The hot spot temperature of the reactor is usually between 440-470 ℃. The reaction heat is removed from the molten salt cooler and gas cooler, generating steam for use by the device.

三是从投资方面来看，固定床和流化床工艺，投资相差无几。两种工艺有各自的优势，但也有各自的优缺点：流化床比固定床顺酐的收率低，催化剂的磨损耗和飞散问题比固定床严重；流化床反应器内蒸汽换热管因温度过高容易泄漏；而固定床进料浓度受爆炸极限范围的限制，同时要求原料混合气必须混合充分，对反应热量的移出控制比较严格等。

Thirdly, in terms of investment, there is almost no difference in investment between fixed bed and fluidized bed processes. The two processes have their own advantages, but they also have their own advantages and disadvantages: the yield of maleic anhydride in fluidized beds is lower than that in fixed beds, and the problem of catalyst wear and dispersion is more serious than that in fixed beds; The steam heat exchange tube in the fluidized bed reactor is prone to leakage due to high temperature; The fixed bed feed concentration is limited by the explosion limit range, and it is required that the raw material mixture must be fully mixed, and the control of the removal of reaction heat is relatively strict.

据悉，流化床工艺之一的BPAmoco公司近年来对固定床的开发和投资加大，某些装置可能已改为固定床工艺，主要原因尚未了解。但国际上固定床工艺装置占据多数是当前的事实，近几年国内外新建的顺酐装置都采用固定床工艺。

It is reported that BPAmoco, one of the founders of fluidized bed technology, has increased its development and investment in fixed beds in recent years. Some devices may have been converted to fixed bed technology, but the main reason is not yet understood. However, it is a current fact that the majority of fixed bed process equipment is used internationally, and in recent years, newly built maleic anhydride plants both domestically and internationally have adopted fixed bed technology.

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