一、 顺酐工艺概况
1、 Overview of maleic anhydride production process
顺酐工艺按原料路线可分为苯氧化法、正丁烷氧化法两种主要方法。按工艺技术氧化反应部分分为固定床与流化床，后处理回收部分分为水吸收与溶剂吸收。
According to the raw material route, maleic anhydride production process can be divided into two main production methods: benzene oxidation method and n-butane oxidation method. According to the production technology, the oxidation reaction part is divided into fixed bed and fluidized bed, and the post-treatment recovery part is divided into water absorption and solvent absorption.
1.原料路线
1. Raw material route
顺酐原料路线可分为苯氧化法、正丁烷氧化法。国外目前占主要地位的是以正丁烷为原料的路线，国内装置以苯法为主。由于我国资源的特殊性，煤资源较丰富，焦炭产量大，煤化工的下游产品焦化苯供应充足， 使苯法顺酐具有资源优势。正丁烷法制顺酐工艺资源利用方面比苯法合理，环境污染程度比苯法轻。随着我国石化行业快速发展和炼油能力提高，C4资源逐步得到综合利用，正丁烷法顺酐装置近几年发展较快。
The raw material route of maleic anhydride production can be divided into benzene oxidation method and n-butane oxidation method. At present, the production line with n-butane as raw material is the main one abroad, and the domestic production unit is mainly benzene process. Due to the particularity of China's resources, rich coal resources, large coke output and sufficient supply of coking benzene, the downstream product of coal chemical industry, the production of maleic anhydride by benzene method has resource advantages. The resource utilization of n-butane maleic anhydride process is more reasonable than that of benzene process, and the degree of environmental pollution is lighter than that of benzene process. With the rapid development of China's petrochemical industry and the improvement of oil refining capacity, C4 resources are gradually comprehensively utilized, and n-butane maleic anhydride unit has developed rapidly in recent years.
2.氧化工艺
2. Oxidation process
2.1正丁烷法流化床
2.1 n-butane fluidized bed
正丁烷进料浓度通常为 4.0 mol～4.3 mol%，流化床反应器上部设有催化剂分离装置，外部设有催化剂过滤装置。反应器操作温度为 400～430 ℃，热量通过反应器内安装的蒸汽盘管产生蒸汽供装置使用。反应生成气体冷却后进入回收工序。
The feed concentration of n-butane is usually 4.0 mol ~ 4.3 mol%. The upper part of the fluidized bed reactor is equipped with a catalyst separation device and the outside is equipped with a catalyst filtration device. The operating temperature of the reactor is 400 ~ 430 ℃, and the heat generates steam through the steam coil installed in the reactor for the use of the device. After the reaction gas is cooled, it enters the recovery process.
2.2正丁烷法固定床
2.2 n-butane fixed bed
原料正丁烷与空气按一定比例充分混合后进入反应器，在装填了一定数量催化剂的列管内发生反应，正丁烷与空气的混合比例通常为 1.6 mol～2.0 mol%。反应器热点温度通常在 440～470 ℃。反应热由熔盐冷却器和气体冷却器移出，产生蒸汽供装置使用。反应生成气体冷却后进入回收工序。
The raw material n-butane is fully mixed with air in a certain proportion and then enters the reactor. It reacts in the column filled with a certain amount of catalyst. The mixing ratio of n-butane and air is usually 1.6 mol ~ 2.0 mol%. The hot spot temperature of the reactor is usually 440 ~ 470 ℃. The reaction heat is removed from the molten salt cooler and gas cooler to produce steam for use by the unit. After the reaction gas is cooled, it enters the recovery process.
二、正丁烷法顺酐工艺现状
2、 Present situation of n-butane maleic anhydride production process
正丁烷法与苯法在工艺流程上近似，区别就是氧化反应催化剂不同，丁烷法氧化反应器反应管比苯法长一些，长达到 6 500 mm，后处理既可以采用水吸收也可以采用溶剂吸收。
The process flow of n-butane process is similar to that of benzene process. The difference is that the oxidation reaction catalyst is different. The reaction tube of butane oxidation reactor is longer than that of benzene process, up to 6500mm. The post-treatment can be absorbed by water or solvent.
1.氧化反应部分（固定床反应器）
1. Oxidation reaction part (fixed bed reactor)
国内运行的正丁烷法顺酐装置全部为国产化技术固定床工艺。固定床反应器多为列管式结构，传热面积大，有利于强放热反应。为使反应稳定进行，关键是反应器载热体熔盐的温度控制。国内在固定床反应器设计方面已经相当成熟，国产反应器技术水平已经达到了水平。固定床反应器的特点是：设备结构相对简单，安装容易，自成一体，且催化剂性能稳定，顺酐收率高。
The domestic n-butane maleic anhydride units are all domestic fixed bed processes. Fixed bed reactors are mostly tubular structures with large heat transfer area, which is conducive to strong exothermic reaction. In order to make the reaction stable, the key is the temperature control of the molten salt of the reactor heat carrier. The design of fixed bed reactor has been quite mature in China, and the technical level of domestic reactor has reached the international advanced level. The fixed bed reactor is characterized by relatively simple equipment structure, easy installation, self integration, stable catalyst performance and high maleic anhydride yield.
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