Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, caustic soda and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula of NaOH. Sodium hydroxide is highly alkaline and corrosive. Potassium hydroxide, an inorganic compound with chemical formula KOH, is a common inorganic base with strong alkalinity.

一、两者理化性质区别

1、 The physical and chemical properties of the two are different

1、氢氧化钾白色斜方结晶，工业品为白色或淡灰色块状及棒状。相对密度2.044(20℃)。熔点360.4℃。沸点1320～1324℃。易溶于水，溶解时放出大量溶解热，有极强的吸水性，在空气中能吸收水分而溶解，并吸收二氧化碳逐渐变成碳酸钾。溶于乙醇，微溶于醚。有极强的碱性和腐蚀性，其性质与烧碱相似。

1. Potassium hydroxide white rhombic crystal, industrial products are white or light gray block and rod. Relative density 2.044 (20 ℃). The melting point is 360.4 ℃. The boiling point is 1320~1324 ℃. It is easy to dissolve in water, emits a large amount of heat of dissolution when dissolved, and has strong water absorption. It can absorb water and dissolve in the air, and absorb carbon dioxide and gradually become potassium carbonate. Soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in ether. It is extremely alkaline and corrosive, and its properties are similar to that of caustic soda.

2、氢氧化钠为无色透明晶体，相对密度2.130。熔点318.4℃。沸点1390℃。氢氧化钠有固体和液体两种，纯固体状态时外观呈白色（有块装、片状、棒状、粒状）质脆；纯液体状态时外观为无色透明液体。氢氧化钠溶于水中会完全分解成钠离子与氢氧根离子，所以具有强碱性。在空气中容易变质成碳酸钠；与铝反应可以生成氢气。1986年，英国有一油罐车误装载重量百分率浓度为25%的氢氧化钠水溶液，氢氧化钠便与油罐壁的铝产生化学变化，导致油罐因内部压力过载而受损。

2. Sodium hydroxide is a colorless transparent crystal with a relative density of 2.130. Melting point 318.4 ℃. The boiling point is 1390 ℃. There are two kinds of sodium hydroxide: solid and liquid. In pure solid state, the appearance of sodium hydroxide is white (block, sheet, rod and granular) and brittle; In pure liquid state, the appearance is colorless and transparent. Sodium hydroxide dissolved in water will completely decompose into sodium ions and hydroxide ions, so it has strong alkalinity. It is easy to deteriorate into sodium carbonate in the air; Reaction with aluminum can generate hydrogen. In 1986, a tank car in the United Kingdom mistakenly loaded sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with a weight percentage of 25%. The sodium hydroxide changed with the aluminum on the tank wall, causing the tank to be permanently damaged due to internal pressure overload.

氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide

二、化学分析中氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠可以互换使用。但有些应用场合，两者不能换用。比如氢气发生器，指定用氢氧化钾；医用钠石灰，指定用氢氧化钠。氢氧化钠的吸湿性要比氢氧化钾强，所以在化学分析中常用氢氧化钾；如果用作干燥剂就要使用氢氧化钠。

2、 Potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide can be used interchangeably in chemical analysis. However, in some applications, the two cannot be used interchangeably. For example, hydrogen generator, potassium hydroxide is specified; For medical sodium lime, sodium hydroxide is specified. Sodium hydroxide is more hygroscopic than potassium hydroxide, so potassium hydroxide is often used in chemical analysis; If used as a desiccant, sodium hydroxide should be used.

三、两者都有强腐蚀性，不可与金属容器接触，且易潮解，应密封保存。

3、 Both are highly corrosive, cannot be contacted with metal containers, and are easy to deliquescence, and should be sealed for storage.

四、皂化反应中，氧化钾制得是弱肥皂，而氢氧化钠制得的是硬肥皂。

4、 In the saponification reaction, potassium oxide produces weak soap, while sodium hydroxide produces hard soap.

五、氢氧化钾的行情比氢氧化钠高很多。

5、 The market price of potassium hydroxide is much higher than that of sodium hydroxide.

六、两者应用区别：

6、 Application difference between the two:

1、氢氧化钾用作分析试剂、皂化试剂、干燥剂及水分的吸收剂；用于制草酸及各种钾盐；电镀、雕刻、石印术等；还用于印染、漂白和丝光，并大量用作制造人造纤维、聚酯纤维的主要原料，也用于制造三聚氰胺染料。

1. Potassium hydroxide is used as analytical reagent, saponification reagent, desiccant and water absorbent; Used for preparing oxalic acid and various potassium salts; Electroplating, carving, lithography, etc; It is also used for printing and dyeing, bleaching and mercerizing, and is widely used as the main raw material for the manufacture of man-made fibers and polyester fibers, as well as for the manufacture of melamine dyes.

2、氢氧化钠用于纸、肥皂、染料、人造丝、冶炼金属、石油精制、棉织品整理、煤焦油产物提纯以及食品加工、木材加工及机械工业等方面。

2. Sodium hydroxide is used in the production of paper, soap, dyes, rayon, smelting metal, petroleum refining, cotton fabric finishing, coal tar product purification, food processing, wood processing and machinery industry.

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