碳酸氢钠俗称“小苏打”,是强碱与弱酸中和后生成的酸式盐,溶于水时呈现弱碱性。碳酸钠,俗名苏打、纯碱。稳定性较强,但高温下也可分解,生成氧化钠和二氧化碳。长期暴露在空气中能吸收空气中的水分及二氧化碳,生成碳酸氢钠,并结成硬块。下面
顺酐厂家来讲讲碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的共性与差异！
Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as "baking soda", is an acidic salt formed by the neutralization of strong bases and weak acids. When dissolved in water, it appears weakly alkaline. Sodium carbonate, commonly known as soda or soda ash. Strong stability, but can also decompose at high temperatures, generating sodium oxide and carbon dioxide. Long term exposure to the air can absorb moisture and carbon dioxide from the air, generate sodium bicarbonate, and form hard lumps. Below, maleic anhydride manufacturers will talk about the commonalities and differences between sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate!
一、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的共性
1、 The commonality of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
1、都能与盐酸(或硫酸与硝酸)反应生成能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体；
1. Both can react with hydrochloric acid (or sulfuric acid and nitric acid) to generate gas that can make clear lime water turbid;
2、跟石灰水或氢氧化钡溶液都生成白色沉淀；
2. Generate white precipitates with lime water or barium hydroxide solution;
3、水溶液均呈碱性；
3. The aqueous solution is alkaline;
4、焰色反应呈黄色；
4. Flame test is yellow;
5、都能与铝盐或铁盐溶液发生双水解反应；
5. Both can undergo double hydrolysis reactions with aluminum or iron salt solutions;
二、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的差异
2、 Differences between sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
1、热稳定性：碳酸钠加热不分解，碳酸氢钠加热易分解成碳酸钠，水和二氧化碳；
1. Thermal stability: Sodium carbonate does not decompose when heated, while sodium bicarbonate easily decomposes into sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide when heated;
2、水溶解性：碳酸钠的溶解度大于碳酸氢钠；
2. Water solubility: The solubility of sodium carbonate is greater than that of sodium bicarbonate;
3、与二氧化碳的反应：碳酸钠能跟二氧化碳(与水)化合生成碳酸氢钠，而碳酸氢钠不反应;
3. Reaction with carbon dioxide: Sodium carbonate can combine with carbon dioxide (with water) to form sodium bicarbonate, while sodium bicarbonate does not react;
4、与氢氧化钠的反应：碳酸氢钠能跟氢氧化钠反应生成碳酸钠和水，而碳酸氢钠不反应；
4. Reaction with sodium hydroxide: Sodium bicarbonate can react with sodium hydroxide to generate sodium carbonate and water, while sodium bicarbonate does not react;
5、与氯化钙的反应：碳酸钠跟氯化钙(或氯化钡)溶液易生成碳酸盐沉淀，而碳酸氢钠跟盐类稀溶液不易生成沉淀
5. Reaction with calcium chloride: Sodium carbonate and calcium chloride (or barium chloride) solution are prone to generating carbonate precipitates, while sodium bicarbonate and dilute salt solutions are not prone to generating precipitates
6、与苯酚的反应：碳酸钠能与苯酚反应生成苯酚钠和碳酸氢钠，而碳酸氢钠不与苯酚反应；
6. Reaction with phenol: Sodium carbonate can react with phenol to produce sodium phenolate and sodium bicarbonate, while sodium bicarbonate does not react with phenol;
三、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的区分方法
3、 Method for distinguishing between sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
（一）固体状态
（1） Solid state
法1：据热稳定性不同。分别加热少量样品，并将生成的气体通入到澄清石灰水。能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的样品为碳酸氢钠。该方法使用的仪器装置比较复杂，需要用到加热装置
Method 1: Depending on the thermal stability. Heat a small amount of samples separately and introduce the generated gas into the clarified lime water. The sample that can make clarified lime water turbid is sodium bicarbonate. The instruments and devices used in this method are relatively complex and require the use of heating devices
法2：据与酸反应的速率不同。分别取相同质量的固体，加入等浓度等体积的盐酸中，反应较快的是碳酸氢钠。这种方法观察起来有一定难度。
Method 2: Depending on the rate of reaction with acid. Take solids of the same mass separately and add them to hydrochloric acid of equal concentration and volume. The fastest reaction is sodium bicarbonate. This method is somewhat difficult to observe.
（二）溶液状态
（2） Solution state
法3：据与酸反应的过程不同。取同浓度同体积的溶液，分别滴加盐酸，开始无气体一段时间后有气体的是碳酸钠；开始即有气体的是碳酸氢钠。当溶液浓度比较低的时候，出现气泡不明显；
Method 3: According to the different process of reaction with acid. Take a solution of the same concentration and volume, add hydrochloric acid dropwise, and after a period of time when there is no gas, it is sodium carbonate; The one with gas at the beginning is sodium bicarbonate. When the concentration of the solution is relatively low, bubbles appear inconspicuous;
法4：据沉淀反应不同。分别取稀溶液，滴加BaCl2(或CaCl2)溶液，产生沉淀的原试剂为碳酸钠。
Method 4: Depending on the precipitation reaction. Take dilute solutions separately, add BaCl2 (or CaCl2) solution dropwise, and the original reagent that produces precipitation is sodium carbonate.
法5：据溶液的碱性不同。测其等浓度稀溶液的pH，pH值较大较大的原试剂为碳酸钠。需要配置物质的量浓度相等的溶液；
Method 5: Depending on the alkalinity of the solution. Measure the pH of its dilute solution with equal concentration. The original reagent with a larger pH value is sodium carbonate. A solution with equal amounts and concentrations of substances needs to be prepared;
法6：根据碳酸氢钠的两性。分别取溶液，并滴加偏铝酸钠溶液，生成白色沉淀的为碳酸氢钠。
Method 6: Based on the amphotericity of sodium bicarbonate. Take the solutions separately and add sodium metaaluminate solution dropwise to generate white precipitates called sodium bicarbonate.
（三）错误方法
（3） Wrong method
法1：利用澄清石灰水。因为碳酸氢钠溶液和碳酸钠溶液均能与澄清石灰水反应生成白色沉淀，因此澄清石灰水无法鉴别两种溶液。
Method 1: Use clarified lime water. Because both sodium bicarbonate solution and sodium carbonate solution can react with clarified lime water to form white precipitates, clarified lime water cannot distinguish between the two solutions.
法2：利用氯化铁。因为碳酸氢钠溶液和碳酸钠溶液均能与氯化铁反应生成沉淀和气体，因此氯化铁溶液无法鉴别两种溶液。
Method 2: Utilize iron chloride. Because both sodium bicarbonate solution and sodium carbonate solution can react with iron chloride to form precipitates and gases, iron chloride solution cannot distinguish between the two solutions.
法3：利用氢氧化钠。因为碳酸氢钠溶液虽然能和氢氧化钠反应，但是观察不到现象，因此氢氧化钠溶液无法鉴别两种溶液。
Method 3: Use sodium hydroxide. Because although sodium bicarbonate solution can react with sodium hydroxide, no phenomenon can be observed, so sodium hydroxide solution cannot distinguish between the two solutions.
Overall, both have the same thing: they are white solids that are easily soluble in water. Both can react with acids to generate carbon dioxide. The difference between the two: Sodium bicarbonate is unstable and easily decomposes when heated. Sodium carbonate will not. For more information on related products, please consult us http://www.jnjhhg.cn Come on!
