顺酐的工艺
Production process of maleic anhydride
目前，工业上顺酐的工艺路线按原料可分为苯氧化法、正丁烷法氧化法、C4烯烃法和苯酐副产法4种。其中苯氧化法应用为广泛，但由于苯资源有限，C4烯烃和正丁烷为原料顺酐的技术应运而生，尤其是富产天然气和油田伴生气的，拥有大量的正丁烷资源，因此近年来正丁烷氧化法顺酐的技术发展迅速，已经在顺酐中占地位，其能力约占世界顺酐总能力的80%。
At present, the production process of maleic anhydride in industry can be divided into benzene oxidation method, n-butane oxidation method, C4 olefin method and phthalic anhydride by-product method according to raw materials. Among them, benzene oxidation method is widely used, but due to the limited benzene resources, the technology of using C4 olefins and n-butane as raw materials to produce maleic anhydride came into being, especially in countries rich in natural gas and oilfield associated gas, which have a large number of n-butane resources. Therefore, in recent years, the technology of producing maleic anhydride by n-butane oxidation method has developed rapidly, and has occupied a position in the production of maleic anhydride, and its production capacity accounts for about 80% of the total production capacity of maleic anhydride in the world.
苯氧化法
Benzene oxidation method
苯蒸气和空气（或氧气）在以V2O5-MnO3等为活性组分，a-Al2O3为载体的催化剂上发生气相氧化反应生成顺酐。
Benzene vapor and air (or oxygen) undergo gas-phase oxidation reaction on a catalyst with v2o5-mno3 as the active component and a-Al2O3 as the carrier to produce maleic anhydride.
C4烯烃法
C4 olefin process
C4烯烃法是以混合C4馏分中的有效成分正丁烯、丁二烯等为原料，和空气（或氧气），在V2O5-P2O3系催化剂作用下经气相氧化反应生成顺酐，其中正丁烯在反应过程中先脱氢生成丁二烯，再氧化生成顺酐。在反应过程中，除生成主产物外，还副产生成一氧化碳、二氧化碳和水以及少量的乙醛、乙酸、丙烯醛和呋喃等。
C4 olefin method uses n-butene and butadiene as raw materials, which are the effective components in mixed C4 fraction, and air (or oxygen) to produce maleic anhydride through gas-phase oxidation reaction under the action of v2o5-p2o3 catalyst. In the reaction process, n-butene is dehydrogenated to produce butadiene, and then oxidized to produce maleic anhydride. In the reaction process, in addition to the main products, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water as well as a small amount of acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acrolein and furan are also produced by-products.
苯酐副产法
Phthalic anhydride by-product method
在由邻二甲苯苯酐时，可以副产得到一定数量的顺酐产品，其产量约为苯酐产量的5%。在苯酐中，反应尾气经洗涤塔除去有机物后排放到大气中，洗涤液为顺酐和少量的苯甲酸、苯二甲酸等杂质，经浓缩精制和加热脱水后得到顺酐产品。
When phthalic anhydride is produced from o-xylene, a certain amount of maleic anhydride can be obtained as a by-product, and its output is about 5% of that of phthalic anhydride. In the production of phthalic anhydride, the reaction tail gas is discharged into the atmosphere after the organic matter is removed by the washing tower. The washing solution is maleic anhydride and a small amount of benzoic acid, phthalic acid and other impurities. Maleic anhydride products are obtained after concentration, refining, heating and dehydration.
正丁烷氧化法
N-butane oxidation
。由于原料价廉、对环境污染小以及欧美等正丁烷资源丰富等原因而得到迅速的发展，代表了顺酐工艺的发展趋势。
。 Due to the low price of raw materials, little environmental pollution and the rich resources of n-butane in Europe and the United States, it has developed rapidly, which represents the development trend of maleic anhydride production process.
正丁烷在V2O5-P2O3系催化剂上选择氧化生成顺酐，其氧化反应器有固定床和流化床，顺酐回收工艺有水吸收法和溶剂吸收法。
N-butane is selectively oxidized on v2o5-p2o3 catalyst to produce maleic anhydride. Its oxidation reactor has fixed bed and fluidized bed, and maleic anhydride recovery process has water absorption method and solvent absorption method.
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