（1）顺酐简介

　　(1) Introduction to Maleic Anhydride

　　顺丁烯二酸酐（Maleic Anhydride，MA）简称顺酐，又名2,5—呋喃二酮，译名为马来酸酐或失水苹果酸酐，常温下为无色针状结晶体，有刺激性气味与酸味，易燃，升华，易溶于水，生成顺丁烯二酸（马来酸），也溶于苯及丙酮、乙醇等有机溶剂，是一种常用的重要有机化工原料。

　　Maleic anhydride (MA), also known as 2,5-furandione or maleic anhydride, is a colorless needle shaped crystal at room temperature with a pungent odor and sour taste. It is flammable, sublimates, and easily soluble in water to form maleic acid (maleic acid), which is also soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, acetone, and ethanol. It is an important organic chemical raw material commonly used.

　　顺酐作为三大有机酸酐之一（醋酐、顺酐、苯酐），是用途广泛的基本有机化工原料，已有70余年的历史。顺酐由于含有共轭顺酰基，其中1个乙烯基相连两个羰基，所以化学性质非常活泼，很容易通过光化反应、加成反应、酰胺化反应、酯化反应、磺化反应、水合反应、氧化反应、还原反应、加氢反应等衍化产生众多的下游产品，广泛应用于不饱和聚酯树脂、涂料、油漆、油墨、工程塑料、医药、农药、食品、饲料、油品添加剂、造纸、纺织等行业。

　　As one of the three major organic anhydrides (acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride), maleic anhydride is a widely used basic organic chemical raw material with a production history of more than 70 years. Maleic anhydride, due to its conjugated acyl group, has two carbonyl groups connected to one vinyl group, making it highly reactive in chemical properties. It can easily be derived into numerous downstream products through photochemical reactions, addition reactions, amidation reactions, esterification reactions, sulfonation reactions, hydration reactions, oxidation reactions, reduction reactions, hydrogenation reactions, etc. It is widely used in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, coatings, paints, inks, engineering plastics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, food, feed, oil additives, papermaking, textiles and other industries.

　　以顺酐为原料的化学品如丁二酸酐、γ-丁内酯、1,4-丁二醇、四氢呋喃、四氢苯酐、六氢苯酐、L-天门冬氨酸、丙氨酸以及这些产品的次级衍品如PTMEG、PBT等属于目前用途广泛、国内市场畅销的化工原料。顺酐主要下游用途如下：

　　Chemicals produced from maleic anhydride, such as succinic anhydride, gamma butyrolactone, 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, L-aspartic acid, alanine, and their secondary derivatives such as PTMEG and PBT, are currently widely used and best-selling chemical raw materials in the domestic market. The main downstream uses of maleic anhydride are as follows:

　　①不饱和聚酯树脂

　　① Unsaturated polyester resin

　　不饱和聚酯树脂（UPR）是顺酐与二元醇经缩聚脱水，再加入交联剂苯乙烯制得的不饱和线性聚酯类聚合物；外观为透明、淡黄或褐色粘稠液体，具有优良的物理机械性能和耐腐蚀性能，可常温常压条件下固化成型，加工工艺简单，目前已成为热固型树脂的主要产品之一，在工业、农业、交通运输、建筑、工艺美术品等诸多行业具有广泛的用途。

　　Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) is an unsaturated linear polyester polymer produced by the condensation and dehydration of maleic anhydride and diols, followed by the addition of crosslinking agent styrene; The appearance is transparent, light yellow or brown viscous liquid, with excellent physical and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. It can be cured under normal temperature and pressure conditions and has a simple processing technology. It has become one of the main products of thermosetting resins and has a wide range of applications in many industries such as industry, agriculture, transportation, construction, arts and crafts.

　　UPR的主要用途大致可以分为增强型（FRP）和非增强型两大类，其中FRP（俗称玻璃钢），主要应用在下述领域：

　　The main uses of UPR can be roughly divided into two categories: reinforced plastic (FRP) and non reinforced plastic. Among them, FRP (commonly known as fiberglass) is mainly used in the following fields:

　　A、建筑：活动房屋、波形瓦、门窗、落水管、高位水箱、凉水塔、通风管道、成套卫生浴具、建筑装修材料等。

　　A. Architecture: mobile homes, corrugated tiles, doors and windows, downspouts, high-level water tanks, cooling towers, ventilation ducts, complete sets of sanitary bathing equipment, building decoration materials, etc.

　　B、汽车、船舶制造：汽车零件、保险杠、车船壳体、中小型船舶船身、零部件等。

　　B. Automotive and shipbuilding: automotive parts, bumpers, vehicle and vessel shells, small and medium-sized ship hulls, components, etc.

　　C、防腐管道、槽、罐容器等。

　　C. Anti corrosion pipelines, tanks, containers, etc.

　　D、新能源：风力发电机的风扇、支架，太阳能热水器的框架、支撑件等。

　　D. New energy: fans and brackets for wind turbines, frames and supports for solar water heaters, etc.

　　E、文娱、体育：水滑梯、游艇、碰碰车、摩托艇、运动帆板、帆船、高尔夫球棒、棒、垒球棒、保龄球、冰球杆、撑杆跳杆、双杠、高低杠、渔具等。

　　E. Entertainment and sports: water slides, yachts, bumper cars, motorboats, sports windsurfing, sailing, golf clubs, sticks, softball sticks, bowling, ice hockey sticks, pole vaulting poles, parallel bars, uneven bars, fishing gear, etc.

　　我国在上述增强型制品中，建材制品前景广阔，汽车、船舶制造方面应用尚少，而管道、容器类产品已经批量出口美国和东南亚各国，其它领域尚待开发。

　　Among the enhanced products mentioned above, building materials have broad prospects in China, but their applications in automotive and shipbuilding are still limited. Pipeline and container products have already been exported in bulk to the United States and Southeast Asian countries, while other fields still need to be developed.

　　非增强型UPR制品大致有：钮扣（已基本上取代了聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂，俗称有机玻璃）、工艺饰品、儿童玩具、家具、人造玛瑙、人造大理石、人造花岗岩、宝丽板用涂料、汽车用原子灰（聚酯腻子）、聚合物混凝土等，其中工艺饰品和儿童玩具的出口量巨大。

　　Non reinforced UPR products generally include buttons (which have basically replaced polymethyl methacrylate, commonly known as organic glass), craft jewelry, children's toys, furniture, artificial agate, artificial marble, artificial granite, polystyrene board coatings, automotive atomic ash (polyester putty), polymer concrete, etc. Among them, the export volume of craft jewelry and children's toys is huge.

　　②1,4-丁二醇、四氢呋喃等顺酐加氢产品

　　② 1,4-Butanediol, tetrahydrofuran and other maleic anhydride hydrogenation products

　　1,4-丁二醇（BDO）是一种重要的精细化工基础原料，是顺酐深加工系列产品中具有较强生命力，应用不断拓展的产品。BDO用途广泛，其衍生物更是附加值高的精细化工产品，广泛用于溶剂、医药、化妆品、增塑剂、固化剂、农药、除锈剂、泡沫人造革、纤维、工程塑料等领域。

　　1,4-Butanediol (BDO) is an important fine chemical raw material and a product with strong vitality and constantly expanding applications in the deep processing series of maleic anhydride products. BDO is widely used, and its derivatives are fine chemical products with high added value, widely used in solvent, medicine, cosmetics, plasticizer, curing agent, pesticide, rust remover, foam artificial leather, fiber, engineering plastics and other fields.

　　③富马酸

　　③ Fumaric acid

　　富马酸与顺酐同样具有共轭顺酰基，化学性质非常活泼，可以广泛应用于涂料、树脂、医药、增塑剂、食品添加剂（用于饮料、果冻、水果糖、冰淇淋、淀粉类熟食品、水果、鲜肉、蔬菜等作为酸味剂和保鲜剂）。饲料级富马酸及其衍品富马酸二甲脂用作酸性防腐剂，可提高饲料的口感和利用效率；工业级富马酸则被用作不饱和聚酯树脂（UPR）和醇酸树脂以及电泳漆的原料；用富马酸的L—天门冬氨酸是医药用氨基酸输液中的重要组份。

　　Fumaric acid, like maleic anhydride, has conjugated acyl groups and is highly reactive in chemical properties. It can be widely used in coatings, resins, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and food additives (used in the production of beverages, jellies, fruit candies, ice cream, starch based cooked foods, fruits, fresh meat, vegetables, etc. as an acidifier and preservative). Feed grade fumaric acid and its derivative product dimethyl fumarate can be used as acidic preservatives to improve the taste and utilization efficiency of feed; Industrial grade fumaric acid is used as a raw material for the production of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), alkyd resin, and electrophoretic paint; L-aspartic acid produced from fumaric acid is an important component in pharmaceutical amino acid infusion solutions.

　　④涂料、油漆

　　④ Coatings and paints

　　油漆行业是顺酐的重要用户，但是顺酐在涂料油漆行业更多是应用于合成涂料的成膜物质（即表面涂层如钢琴、吧台、家具的表面装饰层等，适用于基材为木质、金属或树脂，保护及装饰效果突出），产品品种有水性漆、油性漆和合成树脂漆等，如醇酸树脂漆、环氧树脂漆、酚醛树脂漆、聚酯涂料、天然树脂漆、顺丁烯二酸酐松香脂和桐油顺丁烯二酸酐树脂等，品种类别繁多。

　　The paint industry is an important user of maleic anhydride, but in the coatings and paint industry, maleic anhydride is mostly used as a film-forming substance for synthetic coatings (i.e. surface coatings such as pianos, bars, and furniture decorative layers, suitable for substrates made of wood, metal, or resin, with outstanding protective and decorative effects). The product varieties include water-based paints, oil-based paints, and synthetic resin paints, such as alkyd resin paint, epoxy resin paint, phenolic resin paint, polyester paint, natural resin paint, maleic anhydride rosin resin, and tung oil maleic anhydride resin, with a wide variety of types.

　　⑤农用化学品

　　⑤ Agricultural chemicals

　　顺酐是几种重要的杀虫剂、除草剂和植物生长调节剂的原料。我国是粮食总产量世界的农业大国，在农用杀虫剂、除草剂和植物生长调节剂方面的应用前途非常广阔。

　　Maleic anhydride is a raw material for several important insecticides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators. China is the world's largest agricultural country in terms of total grain production, and its application prospects in agricultural insecticides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators are very broad.

　　（2）顺酐行业发展概况

　　(2) Overview of the Development of the Maleic Anhydride Industry

　　我国顺酐的工业化始于上世纪 60 年代，初只有上海和天津建成了两套 100 吨每年的装置。上世纪六十年代末，随着农业对新型、低毒农药马拉硫磷需求的迅速增长，顺酐进入快速发展期。

　　The industrial production of maleic anhydride in our country began in the 1960s, when only Shanghai and Tianjin built two sets of 100 ton annual production facilities. In the late 1960s, with the rapid growth of demand for the new efficient and low toxicity pesticide malathion in agricultural production, the production of maleic anhydride entered a period of rapid development.

　　截 1979 年，我国顺酐的单位有 51 家，分布于全国 19 个省份，装置的平均能力在 100吨 300 吨每年。随着改革开放政策的实施和深入开展，我国国民经济迅速发展，也给顺酐行业的提供了良好的发展机遇。1993 年，我国顺酐的产能为 3.94万吨每年；2021 年，我国顺酐产能已达到 168.60 万吨每年，二十多年间增长了约 43 倍，年均增长速度为 14.36%。

　　As of 1979, there were 51 units in China producing maleic anhydride, distributed in 19 provinces across the country, with an average production capacity of 100 to 300 tons per year. With the implementation and deepening of the national reform and opening-up policy, China's national economy has developed rapidly, providing good development opportunities for the maleic anhydride industry. In 1993, the annual production capacity of maleic anhydride in China was 39400 tons; In 2021, China's production capacity of maleic anhydride has reached 1.686 million tons per year, an increase of about 43 times over the past 20 years, with an average annual growth rate of 14.36%.

　　本文由顺酐厂家向大家友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击:http://www.jnjhhg.cn 我们将倾情为您解答.

　　This article is a friendly tribute from the manufacturer of maleic anhydride to everyone For more information, please click: http://www.jnjhhg.cn We will wholeheartedly provide you with answers