过硫酸铵（Ammonium persulphate），也称过二硫酸铵，是一种铵盐，化学式(NH4)2S2O8，分子量为228.201。

　　Ammonium persulfate, also known as ammonium persulfate, is an ammonium salt with the chemical formula (NH4) 2S2O8 and a molecular weight of 228.201.

　　研究表明过硫酸铵作为氧化剂和漂白剂，被广泛地用于蓄电池工业；它还用作聚合的引发剂、纤维工业的脱浆剂；并可用作金属及半导体材料表面处理剂、印刷线路的刻蚀剂；还广泛用于石油开采的油层压裂， 面粉和淀粉加工业、油脂工业， 在照相工业上用来除去海波。

　　Research has shown that ammonium persulfate is widely used in the battery industry as an oxidant and bleach; It is also used as an initiator for polymerization and a desizing agent in the fiber industry; And it can be used as a surface treatment agent for metal and semiconductor materials, as well as an etching agent for printed circuits; It is also widely used in oil reservoir fracturing for oil extraction, flour and starch processing, oil and fat industry, and in the photography industry to remove sea waves.

　　一、理化特性

　　1、 Physical and chemical properties

　　主要成分：工业级 含量≥95%。

　　Main components: Industrial grade content ≥ 95%.

　　外观与性状：无色单斜晶体，有时略带浅绿色，有潮解性。

　　Appearance and characteristics: Colorless monoclinic crystal, sometimes slightly light green, deliquescent.

　　为过二硫酸的铵盐。过二硫酸根含有过氧基，是强氧化剂。在120℃时分解放出氧并生成焦硫酸盐。过二硫酸铵是强氧化剂,可以把Mn2+氧化为MnO4-。电解硫酸氢铵的水溶液即可制得过二硫酸铵。

　　The ammonium salt of persulfate. Peroxydisulfate contains peroxide groups and is a strong oxidant. At 120 ℃, oxygen is released and pyrophosphate is generated. Ammonium persulfate is a strong oxidant that can oxidize Mn2+to MnO4-. Ammonium persulfate can be obtained by electrolyzing an aqueous solution of ammonium bisulfate.

　　熔点(℃)：120(分解)

　　Melting point (℃): 120 (decomposition)

　　沸点(℃)：分解

　　Boiling point (℃): decomposition

　　相对密度（水=1）：1.982

　　Relative density (water=1): 1.982

　　相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：7.9

　　Relative vapor density (air=1): 7.9

　　溶解性：易溶于水。化学方程式为：(NH4)2S2O8+2H2O=（可逆）=2NH4HSO4+H2O2离子方程式：(NH4)2S2O8=2NH4++ S2O82- ，S2O82-+ 2H2O=(可逆)=2HSO4-+ H2O2，HSO4-=(可逆)=H+ + SO42-（所以过硫酸铵溶液中除了大量的铵根离子和过二硫酸根离子外，还存在少量的硫酸氢根离子和硫酸根离子，溶液水解显酸性，加入硝酸可以抑制反应正向进行）

　　Solubility: Easily soluble in water. The chemical equation is: (NH4) 2S2O8+2H2O=(reversible)=2N4HSO4+H2O2. The ion equation is: (NH4) 2S2O8=2NH4++S2O82-, S2O82-+2H2O=(reversible)=2HSO4-+H2O2, HSO4-=(reversible)=H++SO42-. Therefore, in addition to a large number of ammonium ions and persulfate ions, there are also small amounts of hydrogen sulfate ions and sulfate ions in the ammonium persulfate solution. The solution hydrolyzes and becomes acidic, and adding nitric acid can inhibit the forward reaction

　　二、主要用途

　　2、 Main purpose

　　检定和测定锰，用作氧化剂。漂白剂。照相还原剂和阻滞剂。电池去极剂。用于可溶性淀粉的制备。

　　Testing and determination of manganese, used as an oxidant. bleaching agents. Photographic reducing agents and blockers. Battery depolarization agent. Used for the preparation of soluble starch.

　　用作醋酸乙烯、丙烯酸酯等烯类单体乳液聚合的引发剂，便宜，所得乳液耐水性较好。还用作脲醛树脂的固化剂，固化速度快。亦用作淀粉胶黏剂的助氧化剂，与淀粉成分中的蛋白质反应提高粘接性，参考用量为淀粉的0.2%～0.4%。也用作金属铜表面处理剂。

　　As an initiator for vinyl acetate, acrylate and other vinyl monomer lotion polymerization, the price is cheap, and the obtained lotion has good water resistance. It is also used as a curing agent for urea formaldehyde resin, with the fastest curing speed. Also used as a co oxidant for starch adhesives, it reacts with proteins in starch components to improve adhesion. The reference dosage is 0.2% to 0.4% of starch. Also used as a surface treatment agent for copper metal.

　　化学工业用作制造过硫酸盐和双氧水的原料,有机高分子聚合时的助聚剂、氯乙烯单体聚合时的引发剂。油脂、肥皂业用作漂白剂。还用于金属板蚀割时的腐蚀剂及石油工业采油等方面。食品级用作小麦改质剂、啤酒酵母防霉剂。

　　The chemical industry uses it as a raw material for the production of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide, as a polymerization aid for organic polymers, and as an initiator for the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers. Oil and soap are used as bleaching agents in the industry. It is also used as a corrosive agent for metal plate cutting and in oil recovery in the petroleum industry. Food grade used as a wheat modifier and beer yeast antifungal agent.

　　三、危险性

　　3、 Danger

　　危险性类别：第5.1类氧化性固体

　　Hazard category: Class 5.1 oxidizing solids

　　健康危害：对皮肤粘膜有刺激性和腐蚀性。吸入后引起鼻炎、喉炎、气短和咳嗽等。眼、皮肤接触可引起强烈刺激、疼痛甚灼伤。口服引起腹痛、恶心和呕吐。长期皮肤接触可引起变应性皮炎。

　　Health hazards: Irritating and corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes. Inhalation can cause rhinitis, pharyngitis, shortness of breath, and cough. Eye and skin contact can cause strong irritation, pain, and even burns. Oral administration can cause abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Long term skin contact can cause allergic dermatitis.

　　燃爆危险：本品助燃，具腐蚀性、刺激性，可致人体灼伤。

　　Explosive hazard: This product supports combustion, is corrosive and irritating, and can cause burns to the human body.

　　在低浓度水溶液中挥发较少。

　　Volatile less in low concentration aqueous solutions.

　　四、使用注意事项

　　4、 Precautions for use

　　急救措施

　　Emergency measures

　　皮肤接触：立即脱去污染的衣着，用大量流动清水冲洗少15分钟。就医。

　　Skin contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of flowing water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.

　　眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗少15分钟。就医。

　　Eye contact: Immediately lift the eyelids and thoroughly rinse with plenty of flowing water or saline solution for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.

　　吸入：迅速脱离现场空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。

　　Inhalation: Quickly leave the scene and move to a place with fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, immediately perform artificial respiration. Seek medical attention.

　　食入：用水漱口，给饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。

　　Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water and drink milk or egg whites. Seek medical attention.

　　消防措施

　　Fire protection measures

　　危险特性：无机氧化剂。受高热或撞击时即爆炸。与还原剂、有机物、易燃物如硫、磷或金属粉末等混合可形成爆炸性混合物。

　　Hazardous characteristics: Inorganic oxidant. Explodes upon exposure to high heat or impact. Mixing with reducing agents, organic compounds, flammable substances such as sulfur, phosphorus, or metal powders can form explosive mixtures.

　　有害燃烧产物：氧化氮、氧化硫。

　　Harmful combustion products: nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides.

　　灭火方法：采用雾状水、泡沫、砂土灭火。

　　Fire extinguishing method: use foggy water, foam and sand to extinguish the fire.

　　泄漏处理

　　Leakage handling

　　应急处理：隔离泄漏污染区，限制出入。建议应急处理人员戴防尘面具（罩），穿防毒服。不要直接接触泄漏物。勿使泄漏物与还原剂、有机物、易燃物或金属粉末接触。小量泄漏：用砂土、干燥石灰或苏打灰混合。收集于干燥、洁净、有盖的容器中。也可以用大量水冲洗，洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：收集回收或运废物处理场所处置。

　　Emergency response: Isolate the contaminated area and restrict access. It is recommended that emergency responders wear dust masks (full face shields) and gas protective clothing. Do not come into direct contact with the leaked material. Do not allow the leaked material to come into contact with reducing agents, organic matter, flammable materials, or metal powders. Minor leakage: Mix sand, dry lime, or soda ash. Collect in a dry, clean, and covered container. You can also rinse with a large amount of water, dilute the washing water, and put it into the wastewater system. Massive leakage: Collect and recycle or transport to waste disposal sites for disposal.

　　个体防护

　　Individual protection

　　呼吸系统防护：可能接触其粉尘时，应该佩戴头罩型电动送风过滤式防尘呼吸器。高浓度环境中，建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。

　　Respiratory protection: When there is a possibility of exposure to dust, a hood type electric air supply filter dust respirator should be worn. In high concentration environments, it is recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

　　眼睛防护：呼吸系统防护中已作防护。

　　Eye protection: Respiratory protection has been implemented.

　　身体防护：穿聚乙烯防毒服。

　　Body protection: Wear polyethylene protective clothing.

　　手防护：戴橡胶手套。

　　Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves.

　　其他防护：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作完毕，彻底清洗。注意个人清洁卫生。

　　Other protections: Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited at the work site. Work completed, thoroughly cleaned. Pay attention to personal hygiene and cleanliness.

　　稳定性

　　stability

　　禁配物：强还原剂、活性金属粉末、水、硫、磷。

　　Prohibited substances: Strong reducing agents, active metal powders, water, sulfur, phosphorus.

　　避免接触的条件：潮湿空气。

　　Conditions to avoid contact: humid air.

　　毒理学

　　toxicology

　　急性毒性：LD50：820 mg/kg（大鼠经口）

　　Acute toxicity: LD50: 820 mg/kg (oral administration in rats)

　　LC50：无资料

　　LC50: No data available

　　废弃处置

　　Disposal of waste

　　废弃处置方法：根据和地方有关法规的要求处置。或与厂商或制造商联系，确定处置方法。

　　Disposal method: Dispose of according to the requirements of relevant national and local regulations. Or contact the manufacturer or vendor to determine the disposal method.

　　五、储存运输

　　5、 Storage and transportation

　　储存注意事项：储存于阴凉、干燥、通风良好的库房。远离火种、热源。包装必须密封，防止受潮。应与还原剂、活性金属粉末等分开存放，切忌混储。储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。

　　Storage precautions: Store in a cool, dry, and well ventilated warehouse. Stay away from sources of fire and heat. The packaging must be sealed to prevent moisture. It should be stored separately from reducing agents, active metal powders, etc., and avoid mixing storage. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaked materials.

　　危险货物编号：51504

　　Dangerous Goods Number: 51504

　　UN编号：1444

　　UN number: 1444

　　包装类别：O53

　　Packaging category: O53

　　运输注意事项：铁路运输时应严格按照铁道部《危险货物运输规则》中的危险货物配装表进行配装。运输时单独装运，运输过程中要确保容器不泄漏、不倒塌、不坠落、不损坏。运输时运输车辆应配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。严禁与酸类、易燃物、有机物、还原剂、自燃物品、遇湿易燃物品等并车混运。运输时车速不宜过快，不得强行超车。运输车辆装卸前后，均应彻底清扫、洗净，严禁混入有机物、易燃物等杂质。

　　Transportation precautions: During railway transportation, the dangerous goods loading table in the "Dangerous Goods Transport Rules" of the Ministry of Railways should be strictly followed for loading. When transported separately, ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or damage during transportation. Transport vehicles should be equipped with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment during transportation. It is strictly prohibited to transport and mix with acids, flammable materials, organic substances, reducing agents, self igniting materials, and flammable materials when wet. During transportation, the speed should not be too fast and overtaking is not allowed by force. Transport vehicles should be thoroughly cleaned and washed before and after loading and unloading, and it is strictly prohibited to mix impurities such as organic matter and flammable materials.

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