Maleic anhydride industry has been developing rapidly, and many large-scale maleic anhydride plants have been put into operation. Many production enterprises are new entrants of maleic anhydride industry. They lack sufficient experience and response measures for the safety in maleic anhydride production. Recently, many safety accidents have sounded the alarm bell for us, and the safety problems in maleic anhydride production must be attached great importance.

顺酐过程中的问题

Safety problems in maleic anhydride production

由于顺酐中使用的原料为纯苯和二甲苯,按照危险品的火灾危险性分类标准(GBJ 16-87)，这些原料都是属于、甲类、易燃、易爆的危险品物质。同时按照安 全及劳动卫生保护规定和美国职业及保健条例(OSHA)规定，苯和二甲苯亦属于有毒、有害物质。由于马来酐本身的特殊物理和化学性质，以及过程中还存在着强腐蚀、高温、高压等环境，所以问题对顺酐单位尤为重要。

The raw materials used in the production of maleic anhydride are pure benzene and xylene. According to the national fire risk classification standard (GBJ 16-87), these raw materials belong to class A, class A, flammable and explosive hazardous substances. At the same time, benzene and xylene are also toxic and harmful substances according to the regulations on safety and labor health protection and the occupational safety and health regulations (OSHA). Due to the special physical and chemical properties of maleic anhydride and the strong corrosion, high temperature and high pressure environment in the production process, safety issues are particularly important for maleic anhydride production units.

在使用纯苯和二甲苯危险品物质做原料方面，由于有严格、明确的标准、规范和规定，因此顺酐行业各单位还都是非常重视和严格地按标准、规定和规范执行的，所以在顺酐苯氧化过程中发生爆炸和火灾事故的概率和案例很少。

In terms of using pure benzene and xylene as raw materials for production, due to the strict and clear standards, specifications and regulations of the state, all production units in maleic anhydride industry attach great importance to and strictly implement the standards, regulations and specifications. Therefore, the probability and cases of explosion and fire accidents in the process of maleic anhydride benzene oxidation production are very few.

近十余年中，随着万吨级顺酐技术的国产化，顺酐的单位越来越多，顺酐装置的规模越来越大，因此顺酐过程的危险性也越来越大。从1990年以来到现在的十余年中，因为顺酐脱水精制过程和设备维修改造过程中的各种事故已经发生多起，今已经造成死亡七人、致伤致残数人和几套装置报废的恶性事故结果。可以说我国开创了世界马来酐史上造成人员伤亡恶性事故数量的“先河”，所以必须高度重视顺酐过程中的问题。

In recent ten years, with the localization of ten thousand ton maleic anhydride production technology, there are more and more maleic anhydride production units, and the scale of maleic anhydride production equipment is becoming larger and larger, so the risk of maleic anhydride production process is also increasing. Since 1990, there have been many accidents in the production process of maleic anhydride dehydration and refining and the process of equipment maintenance and transformation. So far, seven people have died, several people have been injured and disabled, and several sets of production units have been scrapped. It can be said that China has created a "precedent" in the world history of maleic anhydride production, which caused casualties. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the safety problems in the production process of maleic anhydride.